地质钻探废弃冲洗液污染特性及脱稳技术研究          下载免费PDF全文

张统得  蒋炳  严君凤 《探矿工程》2020,47(4):134-139

废弃冲洗液无害化处理是落实绿色勘查理念的一项重要工作。通过室内测试分析与现场调研，对地质钻探不同领域的钻孔废弃冲洗液进行污染特性研究，了解其基本性质以及对环境的影响方式。结合湘桃地2井废弃冲洗液开展脱稳技术室内研究，对破胶剂及絮凝剂进行了优选，并获得了脱稳处理的基础配方。实验结果表明，经过处理后废弃冲洗液能实现快速脱稳絮凝，COD、悬浮物、色度等污染指标大幅下降，为下一步深度处理实现无害化排放创造了有利条件。  相似文献   

春季西沙永乐龙洞浮游植物的昼夜垂直分布特征     

葛汝平  傅亮  毕乃双  陈畅  刘光兴  庄昀筠  杨作升  范德江  姚鹏  陈洪举 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,(1):65-73

南海永乐龙洞位于西沙群岛永乐环礁,是迄今为止发现的最深的海洋蓝洞,水文环境及理化因素特殊,90 m以下水体为无氧环境。为研究永乐龙洞浮游植物的群落组成及其昼夜变化,于2017年3月在龙洞、潟湖及外礁坡进行浮游植物样品采集。研究结果表明:龙洞内叶绿素a浓度呈现随深度先增大后减小的趋势,日间浓度最大值层出现在40 m层(0.42μg/L),夜间则出现在20 m层(0.59μg/L)。永乐龙洞微微型浮游植物丰度介于1.1×10^3~5.1×10^4 cells/mL。聚球藻在上层水体占优势(0~20 m),40 m以下水层原绿球藻丰度对微微型浮游植物丰度贡献率最大(90%以上),微微型真核浮游植物丰度在整个水体都较低(除20 m层)。微微型浮游植物昼夜存在明显差异,夜间其丰度最大值层为20 m层,日间则上移至表层。本研究共记录微型和小型浮游植物5门41属55种(含未定种)。其中,硅藻门25属34种、甲藻门12属15种、金藻门1属1种、蓝藻3属、隐藻1属。微型和小型浮游植物丰度介于3.3×10^2~9.8×10^4 cells/L。甲藻丰度对浮游植物总丰度贡献率最大,其次是硅藻,隐藻和蓝藻丰度仅在少数水层占优势。微型和小型浮游植物昼夜变化明显,夜间丰度最大值层为20 m层,日间则出现在40 m层。微微型、微型和小型浮游植物垂直分布与叶绿素a浓度垂直分布一致性高。龙洞浮游植物的种类数和丰度高于潟湖和外礁坡。  相似文献   

多向不规则波浪作用下群墩结构上爬高的计算研究     

季新然  邹丽  任智源  柳淑学 《海洋学报》2019,41(3):35-43

波浪的方向分布对波浪的传播及其与工程结构物的作用都具有明显影响，目前现有的研究大多是基于单向波浪进行的。为了研究方向分布对群墩结构上的爬高影响，基于规则波浪与群墩作用的理论解，结合多向不规则波浪的造波方法，建立了多向不规则波浪与群墩作用的计算模型，同时进行了物理模型试验对模型的有效性进行了验证。系统地对群墩周围及表面上的波浪爬高进行了计算分析，结果表明，方向分布对波浪爬高具有较大的影响，且不同位置处的影响并不相同，在实际的工程设计中如果按照单向波浪计算，可能低估或者高估群墩周围的爬高。  相似文献   

琼东南盆地华光凹陷天然气水合物稳定带厚度的影响因素     

刘杰  杨睿  邬黛黛  金光荣  张辉 《海洋学报》2019,41(8):13-25

为了探讨琼东南盆地华光凹陷海底天然气水合物稳定带的分布规律，定量研究了静水压力、底水温度、地温梯度和气源组分对水合物稳定带的影响程度。在此基础上，分析了华光凹陷现今甲烷水合物稳定带的厚度分布。最后，综合各因素的历史演化过程，初步探讨了华光凹陷1.05 Ma BP以来天然气水合物稳定带的演化。结果表明:(1)气源组分和海底温度的变化对研究区内水合物稳定带的影响较大；水合物稳定带厚度与海底温度呈良好的线性负相关性。(2)水深超过600 m的海域具备形成天然气水合物的温压条件；超过600 m水深的海域水合物稳定带厚度大部分超过 100 m，其中西北部稳定带的最大厚度超过300 m，是有利的水合物勘探区。(3)华光凹陷1.05 Ma BP以来天然气水合物稳定带厚度经历了快速增厚–窄幅变化–快速减薄和恢复的过程。麻坑群与水合物稳定变化敏感区在空间上具有较好的叠合关系。结合前人的研究成果，推测其形成与天然气水合物的分解释放有关。  相似文献   

Acceleration of vegetation dynamics in hydrologically connected wetlands caused by dam operation     

Lilin Zheng  Jinying Xu  Dandan Wang  Guoyu Xu  Zhiqiang Tan  Ligang Xu  Xiaolong Wang 《水文研究》2021,35(2):e14026

The dynamic responses of wetlands to upstream water conservancy projects are becoming increasingly crucial for watershed management. Poyang Lake is a dynamic wetland system of critical ecological importance and connected with the Yangtze river. However, in the context of disturbed water regime in Poyang Lake resulting from human activities and climate change, the responses of vegetation dynamics to the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) have not been investigated. We addressed this knowledge gap by using daily water level data and Landsat images from 1987 to 2018. Landsat images were acquired between October and December to ensure similar phenological conditions. Object-oriented Artificial Neural Network Regression for wetland classification was developed based on abundant training and validation samples. Interactions between vegetation coverage and water regimes pre and post the operation of the TGD were compared using classification and regression trees and the random forest model. Since the implementation of the TGD in 2003, Poyang Lake has become drier, especially during the dry season. A more rapid plant growth rate was observed post TGD (44.74 km² year⁻¹) compared to that of the entire study period (12.9 km² year⁻¹). Average water level for the antecedent 20 days most significantly affected vegetation before 2003, whereas average water level for the antecedent 5 or 10 days was more important after 2003. The impoundment of the TGD after the flood season accelerated the drawdown processes of Poyang Lake, and the rapidly exposed wetlands accelerated vegetation expansion during the dry seasons, resulting in shrinkage and degradation of the lake area. This study deepens our knowledge of the influences of newly developed dams on lakes and rivers.  相似文献   

袭港热带气旋持续时间长期频率分析     

陶山山  宋佳玲  廖振焜  董胜 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,(2):135-141

香港经常受到西北太平洋热带气旋的影响,对该地区热带气旋持续时间的研究有助于经济社会的稳定发展。按照气象和天文台警告信号,热带气旋分为不同的强度等级。建立热带气旋持续时间的Poisson-Weibull复合分布模型,相应获得持续时间重现值的求解公式,分别用于不同热带气旋分类下持续时间多年一遇重现值的计算中。基于1987-2016年袭港热带气旋数据的分析结果表明,Poisson-Weibull分布适用于不同的持续时间分类样本;强的热带气旋经常会伴随较长的持续时间,这将会对该地区造成更为严重的破坏,这可为防灾减灾提供参考。  相似文献   

Size and spatial distribution of loess slides on the Chinese Loess Plateau     

Haijun Qiu  Sheng Hu  Xingang Wang  Dongdong Yang  Yanqian Pei  Shuyue Ma 《自然地理学》2020,41(2):126-144

ABSTRACT

The size and spatial distribution of loess slides are important for estimating the yield of eroded materials and determining the landslide risk. While previous studies have investigated landslide size distributions, the spatial distribution pattern of landslides at different spatial scales is poorly understood. The results indicate that the loess slide distribution exhibits a power-law scaling across a range of the size distribution. The mean landslide size and size distribution in the different geomorphic types are different. The double Pareto and inverse gamma functions can coincide well with the empirical probability distribution of the loess slide areas and can quantitatively reveal the rollover location, maximum probability, and scaling exponents. The frequency of loess slides increases with mean monthly precipitation. Moreover, point distance analysis showed that > 80% of landslides are located < 3 km from other loess slides. We found that the loess slides at the two study sites (Zhidan and Luochuan County) in northern Shaanxi Province, China show a significant clustered distribution. Furthermore, analysis results of the correlated fractal dimension show that the landslides exhibit a dispersed distribution at smaller spatial scales and a clustered distribution at larger spatial scales.  相似文献   

Effects of heavy metal pollution on farmland soils and crops: A case study of the Xiaoqinling Gold Belt,China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

《China Geology》2020,3(3):402-410

This paper focuses on the heavy metal enrichment and heavy metal pollution degree associated with mining activities in some crops and the soils of different parent materials in the Xiaoqinling Gold Belt. According to the geochemical analysis results of the soils observed in the gold belt, the soils are most highly enriched in Pb, followed by Cr, Cu, and Zn. Furthermore, they are relatively poor in Hg, Cd, and As. It is also shown that the heavy metals in all kinds of soils have the same geochemical characteristics in the gold belt. As for the crops (such as corn and wheat) in the gold belt, Zn and Cu are the most abundant elements, followed by Pb and Cr. Meanwhile, Hg, Cd, and As were found to have relatively low concentrations in the crops. The heavy metals in wheat and corn have the same geochemical characteristics in the gold belt in general. Compared to the aeolian loess soils and the crops therein, heavy metals are more enriched in diluvial and alluvial soils and the crops therein. As shown by relevant studies, the Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn pollution are mainly caused by mining activities. Corn and wheat in the gold belt have a high tendency of risk exposure to heavy metal pollution since they are mostly affected by mining activities and feature high background values of heavy metal concentrations. Furthermore, wheat is more liable to be enriched in heavy metals than corn is grown in all types of soils. The Hg pollution in soils leads to Hg accumulation, increasing the risk of Hg uptake in crops, and further affecting human health. This study will provide a scientific basis for the control and management of heavy metals in farmland soils of mining areas.  相似文献   

新疆和田地区耕地面源污染生态风险评价          下载免费PDF全文

田丰收  刘新平  原伟鹏 《干旱区地理》2019,42(2):295-304

随着化肥、农膜等在农业生产中的过量投入，耕地面源污染的程度随之加重。文章选取塔里木河流域上游和田地区为研究区域，依据P-S-R框架理论，构建和田地区耕地面源污染生态风险评价指标体系，加入土壤理化数据，使用生态风险评价模型对和田地区1980 年及2016 年耕地面源污染状况进行生态风险评价，运用耕地生态风险模型、生态风险转移矩阵、Arcgis分析和田地区耕地面源污染时空分异状况。研究结论如下：和田地区1980 年耕地生态风险等级均为II级或III级，呈“中间高，两侧低”分布；2016 年耕地生态风险等级上升至IV级或V级，呈“倒W型”分布，各县耕地面源污染程度较1980 年均有较大幅度的上升，其中墨玉县和于田县在2016 年耕地生态风险等级达到最高的V级，而民丰县因自身生态环境的强脆弱性，同样需要提高关注。根据面源污染“从源头治理”的原则，应切实推进和田地区耕地生态环境保护与治理，提高政府重视程度，增强技术指导，开展试点工作，改善和田地区耕地面源污染现状。  相似文献   

大气污染物排放量与颗粒物环境空气质量的空间非协同耦合研究——以武汉市为例     

张金亭  赵玉丹  田扬戈  何青青  庄艳华  彭韵羲  洪松 《地理科学进展》2019,38(4):612-624

针对区域大气污染物排放量与空气质量在时空分布上存在不完全协同、匹配的现象,论文选择SO₂、NO_X、PM_2.5、CO和VOCs作为大气污染物指标,选择气溶胶光学厚度(Aerosol Optical Depth, AOD)表征颗粒物环境空气质量,以武汉市为例,综合应用耦合模型和空间错位指数模型研究2类指标之间的空间非协同耦合规律。主要结论如下：① 武汉市大气污染物排放量与颗粒物空气质量具有不同空间分布特征,大气污染物排放量呈现由城市中心城区向远城区递减的趋势,其中SO₂、PM_2.5和VOCs的排放具有明显的中心聚集现象,而NO_X和CO聚集现象不显著,且与道路分布明显相关;AOD分布具有明显的空间差异性,总体上呈由西北向东南依次递减的趋势。② 武汉市大气污染物排放与颗粒物空气质量的空间非协同耦合规律：越靠近城市中心城区,空间协同耦合现象越显著,空间错位现象越弱;越远离主城区,空间非协同耦合现象越显著,空间错位现象越显著;SO₂排放量与AOD在武汉市远城区的空间错位指数均大于0.7,且耦合度指数小于0.3,呈现较强的非协同耦合特征,NO_X、VOCs、PM_2.5的排放量与AOD在武汉中心城区的空间错位指数均小于0.5,且耦合度指数大于0.5,协同耦合现象较为显著。③ 基于时空非协同耦合分析城市大气环境污染治理建议：针对污染物与AOD空间错位不显著的城市中心城区,以本地减排治理为主;针对污染物与AOD空间错位显著的远城区,应在污染溯源分析的基础上进行区域协调综合治理。  相似文献